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/**  
 * Executes the given task sometime in the future.  The task * may execute in a new thread or in an existing pooled thread. * * If the task cannot be submitted for execution, either because this * executor has been shutdown or because its capacity has been reached, * the task is handled by the current {@code RejectedExecutionHandler}.  
 * * @param command the task to execute  
 * @throws RejectedExecutionException at discretion of  
 *         {@code RejectedExecutionHandler}, if the task  
 *         cannot be accepted for execution * @throws NullPointerException if {@code command} is null  
 */public void execute(Runnable command) {  
    if (command == null)  
        throw new NullPointerException();  
    /*  
     * Proceed in 3 steps:     *     * 1. If fewer than corePoolSize threads are running, try to     * start a new thread with the given command as its first     * task.  The call to addWorker atomically checks runState and     * workerCount, and so prevents false alarms that would add     * threads when it shouldn't, by returning false.     *     * 2. If a task can be successfully queued, then we still need     * to double-check whether we should have added a thread     * (because existing ones died since last checking) or that     * the pool shut down since entry into this method. So we     * recheck state and if necessary roll back the enqueuing if     * stopped, or start a new thread if there are none.     *     * 3. If we cannot queue task, then we try to add a new     * thread.  If it fails, we know we are shut down or saturated     * and so reject the task.     */    
    int c = ctl.get();  
    if (workerCountOf(c) < corePoolSize) {  
        if (addWorker(command, true))  
            return;  
        c = ctl.get();  
    }  
    if (isRunning(c) && workQueue.offer(command)) {  
        int recheck = ctl.get();  
        if (! isRunning(recheck) && remove(command))  
            reject(command);  
        else if (workerCountOf(recheck) == 0)  
            addWorker(null, false);  
    }  
    else if (!addWorker(command, false))  
        reject(command);  
}

硬核干货：4W字从源码上分析JUC线程池ThreadPoolExecutor的实现原理 | Throwable (throwx.cn)